Antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Piper callosum Ruiz & Pav. leaves against bacterial and fungal strains in vitro

Authors

  • Mónica Alejandra Calle Vilca Private University of Huancayo "Franklin Roosevelt" image/svg+xml
  • Karen Janet Ayala Guevara Private University of Huancayo "Franklin Roosevelt" image/svg+xml
  • Aracely Janett Maravi Cabrera Private University of Huancayo "Franklin Roosevelt" image/svg+xml
  • Rosario Mercedes Chuquillanqui Galarza Private University of Huancayo "Franklin Roosevelt" image/svg+xml
  • Luis Alejandro Calle Vilca Saint Aloysius Gonzaga National University image/svg+xml
  • Josué Bénedic Cerron Arauco Private University of Huancayo "Franklin Roosevelt" image/svg+xml
  • Maytee Crispin Romero Private University of Huancayo "Franklin Roosevelt" image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47186/visct.v10i2.168

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing threat to global public health and has spurred the search for therapeutic alternatives derived from natural products. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a hydroalcoholic extract of Piper callosum leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans using in vitro techniques. Material and Methods: An in vitro experimental study was conducted. The extract was obtained by hydroalcoholic maceration (ethanol-water 70:30), and three concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/mL) were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity was determined by disk diffusion and well diffusion assays using ATCC strains. Inhibition zones were measured after incubation at 37 °C, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Results: Piper callosum extract exhibited significant, dose-dependent antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity (up to 19.1 mm), followed by Candida albicans (17.3 mm). Inhibition against Escherichia coli was moderate, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited the lowest susceptibility, although with increasing inhibition zones as the concentration increased. No activity was observed in the negative controls. Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of Piper callosum possesses a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. These results support its potential as a source of bioactive compounds and warrant further research aimed at the isolation, characterization, and toxicological evaluation of its metabolites, with a view to their eventual application in the development of natural antimicrobial agents.

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Published

2026-07-24

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): July -December

Section

ARTICULOS

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Copyright (c) 2026 Mónica Alejandra Calle Vilca, Karen Janet Ayala Guevara, Aracely Janett Maravi Cabrera, Rosario Mercedes Chuquillanqui Galarza, Luis Alejandro Calle Vilca, Josué Bénedic Cerron Arauco, Maytee Crispin Romero

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